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male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs
major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
fusion of male and female gametes
from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species
outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combination of alleles
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations
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crossing over
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations
trait
characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
law of segregation
Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combination of alleles
meiosis
type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
law of independent assortment
Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
genetic recombination
major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
pollination
from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species
