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All terms in this list:

bit: smallest unit of data

byte: 8 bits

file: a named collection of bytes

system unit: main case

circuit board: a thin board with computer chips

computer chip: very small piece of silicon

motherboard: the main circuit board inside the system unit

port: a connector on the exterior of the system

central processing unit: the chip located on the mother board: processing of the computer

muti-core CPU: processing cores

clock speed: a measurement of how many times CPU can do in a sec.

word: amount of data that a CPU can manipulate at one time

cache memory: speeds up processing

memory: chips located inside the system unit

stores data while working with it

RAM: Memory used to store data and instructions while computer is running

register: high speed memory in CPU

ROM: permanently store data or programs

flash memory: storage by the computer or the user

BIOS: The sequence followed during boot process

Expansion slot: expansion card is inserted to connect it to the motherboard

Expansion card: give desktop computers additional capabilities

bus: electronic path over which data travels

throughput: the amount of data that can be transferred via the bus in a given time period

expansion bus: a bus on the motherboard used to connect peripheral devices

Universal Serial Bus: used to connect peripherals

Firewire: used to connect devices to a computer

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Definitions from Wiktionary under the GNU FDL.
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