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The part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches (by means of weak chemical bonds); typically, a pocket or groove on the enzyme’s surface.
Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water.
Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on the passage of water into and out of the cell.
The capacity to cause change, especially to perform work.
(1) A specific substance (reactant) on which an enzyme acts. Each enzyme recognizes only the specific substrate or substrates of the reaction it catalyzes.
(2) A surface in or on which an organism lives.
A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to the enzyme’s active site in place of the substrate.
An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions.
Cellular “drinking”; a type of Endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.
The energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement. Water behind a dam possesses potential energy, and so do chemical bonds.
A description of membrane structure, depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayers of phospholipid molecules.