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The energy of motion; the energy of a mass of matter that is moving. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
The principle stating that every energy conversion reduces the order of the universe, increasing its entropy. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat.
Cellular “eating”; a type of Endocytosis in which a cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
An energy-releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products. The reaction releases an amount of energy equal to the difference in potential energy between the reactants and the products.
The energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement. Water behind a dam possesses potential energy, and so do chemical bonds.
A macromolecule, usually a protein, that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
A method of metabolic control in which a product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
A transport protein in the plasma membrane of some plant or animal cells that facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane (osmosis).
The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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Exocytosis
The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The principle stating that every energy conversion reduces the order of the universe, increasing its entropy. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat.
Enzyme
A macromolecule, usually a protein, that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
Phagocytosis
Cellular “eating”; a type of Endocytosis in which a cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
Feedback Inhibitor
A method of metabolic control in which a product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
Exergonic Reaction
An energy-releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products. The reaction releases an amount of energy equal to the difference in potential energy between the reactants and the products.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion; the energy of a mass of matter that is moving. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
Potential Energy
The energy that matter possesses because of its location or arrangement. Water behind a dam possesses potential energy, and so do chemical bonds.
