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An energy-releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products. The reaction releases an amount of energy equal to the difference in potential energy between the reactants and the products.
The part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches (by means of a weak chemical bond); typically a pocket or groove on the enzymes surface.
Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, has no effect on the passage of water into or out of the cell.
The energy of motion; the energy of a mass matter that is moving. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
Cellular uptake of molecules or particles via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane.
The capacity to cause change, especially to perform work.
The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration gradient from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated.
The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins and requiring an input of energy (often as ATP).
A description of membrane structure , depicting a cellular membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipid molecules.
A method of metabolic control in which a product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.