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All terms in this list:

crust: the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle

mantle: the layer of rock between the earth crust and core

core: the central part of the Earth below the mantle

lithosphere: the solid outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle

asthenosphere: the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move

mesosphere: the strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core

tectonic plate: a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the layer

continental drift: The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their new present location.

sea-floor spreading: The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies.

plate tectonics: The theory that explains how large pieces of the earth’s outermost layer, called tectonic plates

convergent boundry: The boundary formed by the collision of lithosphere

divergent boundry: The boundary formed by lithosphere moving away.

transform boundary: The boundary formed by moving horizontally

uplift: the rising of regions of the earths crust to lighter elevations

subsidence: the sinking of the regions of earths crust to lower elevations

compression: stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object

tension: stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object

folding: the bending of a rock layer due to stress

fault: a break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to the other

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Definitions from Wiktionary under the GNU FDL.
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