All terms in this list:
azot/o: nitrogenous waste
bacteri/o: bacteria
cyst/o: bladder, pouch
glumerul/o: glomerulus
glycos/o: sugar, glucose
keton/o: ketones
lith/o: stone
meat/o: meatus
nephr/o: kidney
noct/i: night
olig/o: scanty
protein/o: protein
pyel/o: renal pelvis
ren/o: kidney
ureter: ureter
urethr/o: urethra
urin/o: urine
ur/o: urine
genitourinary system: GU term used to describe urinary system
nephron: The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, which filters the blood in order to regulate chemical concentrations, and thereby produces urine.
uremia: Blood poisoning resulting from the retention of waste products usually excreted as urine.
calyx: Collective term for the sepals of a flower, i.e. the outermost whorl of flower parts, when this is not the same in appearance as the next such whorl (the corolla).
cortex: The tissue of a stem or root that lies inward from the epidermis, but exterior to the vascular tissue.
hilum: The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.
medulla: The soft inner part of something, especially the pith of a fruit.
renal artery: delivers blood full of waste products to the kidney
renal vein: returns clean blood from kidney to general circulation
retroperitoneal: Behind the peritoneum
Bowman's capsule: another term for glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule: double walled cuplike structure that encases a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus
micturition: urination
voiding: urination
rugae: folds of mucus membrane that allow for streching
electrolyte: any of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes
homeostasis: The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a constant temperature.
albumin: A class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid vol
urinalysis: The comprehensive analysis of urine.
reabsorption: The subsequent absorption of a secreted substance
peritubular capillaries: capillary bed surrounding the renal tubules where most of the water and electrolytes are reabsorbed after filtration.
an-: without
anti-: against
dys-: abnormal, difficult
extra-: outside of
hydro-: water
intra-: within
poly-: many
retro-: backward
-uria: urine condition
-tripsy: surgical crushing
-tic: pertaining to
-stenosis: narrowing
-scopy: process of visually examining
-scope: instrument to visually examine
-sclerosis: hardening
-rrhagia: abnormal flow condition
-ptosis: drooping
-plasty: surgical repair
-pexy: surgical fixation
-pathy: disease
-lithiasis: condition of stones
-logist: one who studies
-lysis: to destroy
-malacia: softening
-megaly: enlarged
-meter: instrument to measure
-oma: tumor
-ory: pertaining to
-osis: abnormal condition
-ostomy: create a new opening
-otomy: cutting into
-ous: pertaining to
-al: pertaining to
-algia: pain
-ar: pertaining to
-ary: pertaining to
-cele: protrusion
-eal: pertaining to
-ectasis: dilated
-ectomy: surgical removal
-emia: blood condition
-genic: produced by
-gram: record
-graphy: process of recording
-ic: pertaining to
-itis: inflammation
-lith: stone
uter/o: uterus
ureter/o: ureter
nephrology: The branch of medicine that deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys.
urology: The surgical specialty of medicine that treats disorders of the urinary tract and the urogenital system.
anuria: A condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine
azotemia: the accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (such as urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
bacteriuria: presence of bacteria in the urine
calculus: stone formed within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts
cystalgia: urinary bladder pain
diuresis: excessive urination
cystorrhagia: profuse bleeding from the urinary bladder
cystolith: bladder stone
glycosuria: The presence of sugars (especially glucose) in the blood, often as a result of diabetes mellitus
hematuria: The presence of blood in the urine
oliguria: A decreased production in the volume of urine.
polyuria: The production of an abnormally large amount of urine; one symptom of diabetes
nocturia: A frequent need to arise during the night in order to urinate.
nephromegaly: The process whereby a kidney or both kidneys become enlarged.
nephromalacia: kidney is abnormally soft
nephrolith: A kidney stone.
ketonuria: A medical condition in which ketone bodies are present in the urine.
dysuria: difficult or painful discharge of urine
enuresis: nightly urinary incontinence
nephritis: Inflammation of the kidney.
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