All terms in this list:

Civil liberties: the state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, esp. with regard to freedom of action and speech.

due process clause: The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution each contain a Due Process Clause

incorporation: The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.

Cruel and Unusual Punishment: punishment prohibited by the 8th amendment to the U.S. Constitution; includes torture or degradation or punishment too severe for the crime committed

Establishment Clause: the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

Free Exercise Clause: The Free Exercise Clause is the accompanying clause with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Separationist: a person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender

accommodationist: someone who tries to compromise with an opposition or accommodates his own stance to fit another's

Lemon Test: That a government action violates the Establishment Clause of the United States' constitution if it lacks a secular purpose, has its primary effect as promoting or inhibiting religion, or fosters an excessive entanglement of government with religion

Strict scrutiny: the most stringent standard of judicial review used by United States courts

Clear and present danger test: a doctrine adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States to determine under what circumstances limits can be placed on First Amendment freedoms of speech, press or assembly.

Political speech: a speech which relates to government matters as opposed to the affairs of an individual or organization.

commercial speech: speech done on behalf of a company or individual for the intent of making a profit.

Symbolic speech: An action that consists of no writing or speaking, but still expresses an opinion. Examples of symbolic speech are marching in a parade, or burning a flag, or burning a draft card.

Prior restraint: judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful.

Defamation: Act of injuring another's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another; slander; detraction; calumny; aspersion.

Reporter’s privilege: reporter's protection under constitutional or statutory law, from being compelled to testify about confidential information or sources.

Press shield laws: law that gives reporters protection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state court.

exclusionary rule: A doctrine which requires that evidence obtained as the result of an illegal act on the part of law enforcement personnel (such as a warrantless search, or continued questioning a witness who has invoked the right of counsel) must therefore be excluded fr

Warrant: A protector or defender.

double jeopardy: The act of trying someone twice for the same offense, especially after an acquittal in the first trial.

Compelled self-incrimination: incrimination of oneself; specifically : the giving of testimony which will likely subject one to criminal prosecution

Trial by jury: A jury trial is a legal proceeding in which a jury either makes a decision or makes findings of fact, which are then applied by a judge

bench trial: A trial by judge as opposed to a trial by jury.

Plea bargaining: The process of negotiating a verdict and sentence without a complete trial.

Capital punishment: punishment by death

Right to privacy: right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion