All terms in this list:

experiment: A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.

observation: The act of noting and recording some event; or the record of such noting.

hypothesis: An idea or explanation about an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation.

independent variable: The variable that is changed in a series of experiments.

dependent variable: In sciences, an outcome measured to see the effectiveness of the treatment.

data: information gathered during experimentation