All terms in this list:

From 0 to 6 on the PH scale: Decreasingly acidic.

From 8 to 14 on the PH scale: Increasingly alkaline.

7 on the PH scale: Neutral.

Litmus: PH indicator, red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline ones.

Methyl Orange: PH indicator, yellow in alkaline solutions and red in acidic ones.

Phenophtalein: PH indicator, bright pink in alkaline solutions and colorless in acidic ones.

Base: Substance that combines with hydrogen ions.

Oxide ions + Hydrogen Ions: Make water. Example of neutralisation reaction. Oxide would be acting as a base.

Arrhenius Theory: -Suggested that acids produced hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. -Bases were solutions containing hydroxide ions. -Very restricted as it wouldn't accept hydrochloric acid+ammonia solution→ammonium chloride, as this doesn't involve hydrogen and hydr

Bronsted-Lowry theory: -An acid is a proton/hydrogen ion donor. -A base is a proton/hydrogen ion acceptor. When hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to give hydrochloric acid, a proton is transferred from the hydrogen chloride to the water; the hydrogen nucleus breaks away from

Hydroxonium Ion: Hydrogen 'riding' on a water molecule.

Dative covalent bond: Both electrons in a bond come from the same atom.

Acids in solution: They are acidic because the hydroxonium ion donates a proton to the base.

Lab-made hydrogen: It is made from zinc and dilute sulfuric acid with a very small amount of copper(II)sulfate to speed the reaction up. To test, place a lighted splint in the mouth of the tube: it should give a squeaky pop.